| 2. To Henry
Morgenthau (April 10, 1943)
The word stabilization now so much used in political
parlance, seems to mean in the Unitas Plan the act of rigging
the market on the currencies of the member nations. Why cannot
foreign exchange be natural? Why should not nations benefit from
good fiscal policies and suffer from bad ones, the same as private
corporations?
The endeavor to fix exchange rates springs from the fallacious
belief that trading through depreciated currencies is unfair.
This fallacy holds that when a currency becomes discreditable,
the holder thereof has a trading advantage over those who hold
currencies that are more creditable, and that therefore nations
undertake to depreciate their currencies.
Now no nation but one ever deliberately undertook the depreciation
of its own currency, and that one happens to be the one of which
you are fiscal officer. It failed to accomplish its purpose, because
it had not dawned upon our statesmen that the dollar is the criterion
of all currencies, and that a criterion cannot depreciate in terms
of itself. All nations that have depreciated their currencies
have done so in terms of dollars, and in each case they merely
recognized a fait accompli forced upon them by the natural
operation of supply and demand. In other words, they acknowledged
a fact beyond their control and reduced the "gold content"
(dollar content) of their unit.
What is gold dissociated from the dollar? Is it not an inert
metal that, because of artificial pricing, has been produced in
excessive supply, and if the dollar were withdrawn from it today,
would it not plummet in price? By marriage, gold was lifted to
a parity with the dollar, but as the dollar sinks to the level
of the actual value of gold, gold will divorce the dollar on grounds
of non-support. You will recall how in 1934 the President raised
the price of gold and expected all prices to rise in salute, but
they remained sitting. This time as the dollar falls, gold, like
all other commodities, will remain standing.
In other words, gold is a value of and by itself, and the dollar
is an entity of and by itself. The dollar will continue to be
the monetary criterion of the world, but in the end it will probably
follow all other national units to extinction through inflation.
It does not require a convention of nations to make a unit the
world standard; it is in the nature of the credit concept that
all monetary instruments are and must be weighed in the scale
with the best. Since the pound surrendered its premiership, there
has been nothing but a dollar standard throughout the world, and
gold has nothing whatever to do with it. That the dollar can lift
the price of gold above its actual value is merely a demonstration
of the dollar's power. But the time is coming when it will no
longer be able to do so. Since the United States is the only nation
that supports gold, we will then have an end of the gold standard
nonsense.
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